Family Nurse Practitioner Exam

Females with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) are at higher risk for which condition?

1. Uterine fibroids and ovarian cancer

2. Heart disease and breast cancer

3. Premature menopause

4. Pelvic inflammatory disease

The correct answer is: Heart disease and breast cancer

Females with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) are at higher risk for heart disease and breast cancer due to several underlying factors associated with the condition. PCOS is characterized by hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome, all of which contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular issues. The chronic inflammation and changes in lipid profiles observed in individuals with PCOS can lead to a higher likelihood of developing heart disease later in life. Additionally, the elevated estrogen levels in women with PCOS, particularly if they are not regularly ovulating, can increase the risk of breast cancer. The imbalance of hormones, particularly the overproduction of androgens and their effects on the body's metabolism and tissue responses, contributes to the heightened risk for these conditions. Awareness of these associations is critical for early screening and preventive strategies in individuals diagnosed with PCOS.