Family Nurse Practitioner Exam

What is a common risk factor for osteoporosis in women?

1. Regular exercise

2. Low calcium and vitamin D intake

3. High BMI

4. Non-smoker status

The correct answer is: Low calcium and vitamin D intake

Low calcium and vitamin D intake is a well-established risk factor for osteoporosis in women. Calcium is critical for maintaining bone density, and vitamin D plays an essential role in calcium absorption. Insufficient levels of these nutrients can lead to weaker bones, increasing the likelihood of osteoporosis, particularly as women age and experience a decline in estrogen levels during menopause, which further accelerates bone loss. Regular exercise supports bone health and reduces the risk of osteoporosis, making it a protective factor rather than a risk factor. A high body mass index (BMI) is generally linked to a lower risk of osteoporosis since greater weight can provide mechanical loading that promotes bone density. Additionally, non-smoker status is favorable for bone health, as smoking is a known risk factor for decreased bone density. Thus, low calcium and vitamin D intake is the primary concern related to the increased risk of developing osteoporosis in women.