Family Nurse Practitioner Exam

What is a primary risk factor for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea?

1. Constipation

2. Recent hospitalization and antibiotic therapy

3. High fiber diet

4. Low protein intake

The correct answer is: Recent hospitalization and antibiotic therapy

Recent hospitalization and antibiotic therapy is a primary risk factor for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea due to the significant impact these factors have on gut flora. Antibiotics disrupt the normal balance of bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, allowing Clostridium difficile, a spore-forming bacterium, to proliferate. This overgrowth can lead to inflammation of the colon and severe diarrhea. Hospitalization is also a contributing factor, as it often involves antibiotic use and increases the likelihood of exposure to Clostridium difficile in healthcare settings, where the bacteria can be more prevalent. The bacterium is found in the environment and can be transmitted in hospitals, making patients who have been recently hospitalized at higher risk. In contrast, alternatives like constipation, a high-fiber diet, and low protein intake do not significantly contribute to the risk of developing this infection. While they might impact overall intestinal health, they do not play a direct role in the risk factor profile for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.