Family Nurse Practitioner Exam

What vital sign change is often observed in patients with COPD?

1. Decreased respiratory rate

2. Elevated blood pressure

3. Increased heart rate

4. Decreased oxygen saturation

The correct answer is: Decreased oxygen saturation

In patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), decreased oxygen saturation is a common vital sign change observed due to the compromised ability of the lungs to effectively exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. COPD leads to chronic inflammation and narrowing of the airways, which can result in inadequate ventilation and perfusion, ultimately causing a drop in the oxygen levels in the blood. As the disease progresses, individuals often experience hypoxemia, wherein the saturation of oxygen in the blood falls below normal levels, typically measured using pulse oximetry. This change is critical as it reflects the degree to which the respiratory system is functioning and indicates the severity of the disease affecting the patient’s overall health. Monitoring oxygen saturation is essential in managing COPD patients, as it helps guide appropriate interventions like supplemental oxygen therapy, which can improve patient outcomes significantly. Understanding this aspect of patient care is crucial for managing COPD effectively in a clinical setting.