Family Nurse Practitioner Exam

Which condition is associated with a positive Chvostek's sign?

1. Hypocalcemia

2. Hypernatremia

3. Hypokalemia

4. Hyperkalemia

The correct answer is: Hypocalcemia

A positive Chvostek's sign is primarily associated with hypocalcemia, which is a condition characterized by low levels of calcium in the blood. The Chvostek's sign is elicited by tapping on the facial nerve near the ear, leading to twitching of the facial muscles on the same side. This sign indicates an increased neuromuscular excitability associated with low calcium levels, which disrupt the normal function of nerve and muscle cells. In hypocalcemia, the decreased calcium can result in increased irritability of the nervous system, manifesting as spasms or muscle twitching, and this is precisely what the Chvostek's sign assesses. Thus, identifying this sign helps healthcare providers recognize and confirm the presence of hypocalcemia in patients. The other conditions listed do not typically present with a positive Chvostek's sign. Hypernatremia involves elevated sodium levels, which can lead to dehydration effects but does not affect calcium levels in a way to produce this sign. Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia refer to low and high potassium levels, respectively, and while they can have various neuromuscular effects, they are not associated with the Chvostek's sign specifically.