Family Nurse Practitioner Exam

Which of the following conditions is a common cause of secondary hypertension?

1. Leukemia and thalassemia major

2. Hashimoto's thyroiditis and polycystic ovaries

3. Renal stenosis and adrenal tumors

4. Myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease

The correct answer is: Renal stenosis and adrenal tumors

Secondary hypertension refers to high blood pressure that is caused by an underlying medical condition rather than being a primary condition itself. Conditions that can lead to secondary hypertension often involve the endocrine or renal systems, and the options provided reflect various medical conditions. The correct choice emphasizes renal stenosis and adrenal tumors, which are well-documented causes of secondary hypertension. Renal stenosis occurs when there is narrowing of the renal arteries, leading to reduced blood flow to the kidneys. This can activate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), resulting in increased blood pressure. Adrenal tumors, such as pheochromocytomas or adrenal adenomas, can also impact blood pressure by producing excess hormones like catecholamines or cortisol, which can lead to persistent hypertension. Other options listed involve conditions that are either unrelated to hypertension or less commonly associated with it. For example, while leukemia and thalassemia major are significant hematological conditions, they primarily impact blood cell production and function rather than directly affecting blood pressure regulation. Hashimoto's thyroiditis primarily affects thyroid function and is more associated with hypothyroidism, which does not typically cause high blood pressure. Myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease are primarily cardiovascular issues related to ischemia and