Family Nurse Practitioner Exam

Which symptom is commonly associated with cauda equina syndrome?

1. Lower back pain

2. Fecal incontinence

3. Severe headache

4. Numbness in hands

The correct answer is: Fecal incontinence

Fecal incontinence is commonly associated with cauda equina syndrome due to the involvement of the nerve roots that innervate the pelvic organs and the sphincter control. The cauda equina consists of the lower spinal nerves that control bowel and bladder function, as well as sensation in the lower limbs and perineum. When these nerves are compressed, which can occur due to conditions such as herniated discs, tumors, or trauma, it can lead to a significant loss of control over bowel functions, resulting in fecal incontinence. The presence of this symptom, along with other signs such as saddle anesthesia (numbness in the groin area) and urinary retention or incontinence, is critical for the early diagnosis of cauda equina syndrome. Prompt recognition and treatment are essential to prevent permanent neurological damage.